The World Turned Upside Down, or, Cicero at the Gym

Listen to me and you shall hear, news hath not been this thousand year:

Since Herod, Caesar, and many more, you never heard the like before.

Holy-dayes are despis’d, new fashions are devis’d.

Old Christmas is kickt out of Town.Yet let’s be content, and the times lament, you see the world turn’d upside down.

-From “The World Turned Upside-Down” Thomason Tracts (669. f. 10 (47)), dated 8 April 1646.

“The World Turned Upside-Down” is a ballad written during the English Civil War in the 1640s as a protest against laws passed by England’s Puritan-dominated Parliament banning traditional celebrations of Christmas .  The Puritans (as was their way) believed the Nativity of the Lord should be a solemn, serious occasion.  Making merry, decking the halls, hoisting steaming bowls of wassail, and so forth, simply smacked too much of paganism for the austere Roundheads.

“The Puritan Governor interrupting the Christmas Sports,” by Howard Pyle c. 1883

“The War on Christmas,” it seems, is nothing new. The writer of “The World Turned Upside-Down,” however, might be surprised at just how upside-down the order of battle has become in the modern version of the conflict.  The Puritans wanted to take all the joyful and celebratory elements out of the observance of Christmas on the grounds that they obscured the holiday’s religious significance.  21st century censors, on the other hand, want to take all the religion out of our celebrations of the Nativity (as is their way), leaving only things frivolous and indulgent. They are seeking, in short, to transform one of the holiest days of the Christian liturgical year into a sort of purposeless seasonal bacchanal.  Talk about the world turned upside-down!  

O Tempora, O Mores!

       Of course, the current War on Christmas is itself simply one example among many, just one illustration of the sorry reality that we are now living in a Neo-pagan culture.  Our society has largely abandoned God and Christianity, and given itself over to the indulgence of primal urges.  And if we are in fact Neo-pagans, then are in much sorrier shape than the Old Pagans ever were: they came by their heathenism honestly, since they had no access to the Revelation of Jesus Christ. We, on the other hand, are consciously rejecting the Good News of God-Become-Man.  Accordingly, our Neo-paganism, despite its veneer of scientism, is even more upside-down than the old variety: along with Supernatural Truth, we are also increasingly abandoning even natural truths in a way that would have horrified the heathens of old.  Consider, for instance, what the greatest orator of the pre–Christian world, the Roman politician, philosopher, and writer Marcus Tullius Cicero has to say about what we would call Natural Law:

There is a true law, conformable to nature, universal, unchangeable, eternal, whose commands urge us to duty, and whose prohibitions restrain us from evil.  Whether it enjoins or forbids, the Good respect its injunctions, and the Wicked treat them with indifference.  This law cannot be contradicted by any other law, and it is not liable either to derogation or abrogation.  Neither the senate nor the people can give us any dispensation for not obeying this universal law of justice.  It needs no other expositor and interpreter than our own conscience.  It is not one thing at Rome and another at Athens; one thing today and another tomorrow; but in all times and nations this eternal law must forever reign, eternal and imperishable.  It is the sovereign master and emperor of all beings.  God himself is its author, its promulgator, its enforcer.  He who obeys it not, flies from himself, and does violence to the very nature of man.  For his crime he must endure the severest penalties hereafter, even if he avoid the usual misfortunes of the present life.

“Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina, latrinis femineis nostris?” Cicero Denouncing Catilina Before the Senate, by Hans Werner Schmidt, 1912

     We live in a culture that no longer believes in what Cicero is describing: today’s conventional wisdom is that we can make reality whatever we want it to be. We scoff at the pagan philosopher’s assertion that the natural law “cannot be contradicted by any other law”, and we are increasingly using the power of the state (the senate and the people, as Cicero would put it) to this impose this Brave New World on those who won’t accept it willingly. If a latter-day Cicero were to give utterance to what he says above, he would most likely find himself “cancelled” and needing to employ his prodigious rhetorical skills to defend himself from charges of “hate speech.”

Intolerance Won’t Be Tolerated

      The cutting edge of the new paganism (at least at the moment) is the question of what today is called “gender.”  This is no longer a function of one’s biological sex, but is an “identity” chosen by individuals that need not correspond to any external reality (which frees us from the tyranny of being either male or female, there now being dozens of genders from which we can choose).  Cicero never guessed how truly a man might fly from himself, and do “violence to the very nature of man.”

    It should be clear that those individuals who truly believe that they are somehow in the wrong body deserve our prayers and understanding. And if this were simply a matter of people calling themselves what they want, it would be sad and unfortunate. The real revolutionaries, however, are those whose goal is in fact to turn the whole world upside down in order to make the human will (which is to say, their own will) the undisputed master.  They exploit the gender-confused as a battering ram against the foundations of reality-based society.  Those who create their own reality cannot tolerate any opposition from the genuine article, not even the unspoken opposition of those who simply live in accord with a more traditional understanding of the nature of things. After all, give people the choice between a fake and the real thing, what are they more likely to choose?

As Maine Goes . . .

We have seen the intolerance of the new Masters of Reality with increasing frequency over the past decade. There used to be a saying in U.S. presidential elections, “as Maine goes, so goes the nation.”  That may no longer be true of elections for the nation’s chief executive, but it seems to have some validity for the question at hand. Eight years ago the highest court in the state of Maine ruled that “School officials violated state anti-discrimination law when they would not allow a transgender fifth-grader to use the girls’ bathroom.” The law has no interest, apparently, in the vast majority of girls who feel threatened by a biological boy in their bathroom.  Nor does it seem concerned about the opening the new freewheeling bathroom regime gives to good old-fashioned sexual predators, regardless of gender indentity, who see an opportunity too good to pass up.

Maine State Supreme Court (www.courts.maine.gov)

Despite the assurances of social revolutionaries, there have been plenty of intrusions by men with less than innocent motives into what had formerly been safe spaces for women. At about the same time as the Maine Supreme Court ruling, and just a day’s drive to the north, the Ontario’s human rights commission defended “the right of ‘transgendered’ men to use women’s changing rooms in response to a woman’s complaint that she was ogled” by a man who was not, shall we say, adhering to traditional norms of modesty in his attire or his behavior (link, for mature audiences only). Note that the bad guy here (the bad gal, actually) was the woman who objected to the suggestive behavior of a naked man in a space ostensibly set aside for women.

A Non-Intimidating, Welcoming Environment . . . For Some

  Not long after that a woman was banned from her local Planet Fitness gym because she complained about a man in her locker room who “identified as” a woman, but who was very evidently a biological male.  The woman thought that she was warning and protecting other women by complaining about the intruder. The gym, on the other hand, declared her behavior “inappropriate and disruptive to other members,” and so she was asked to leave, since “Planet Fitness is committed to creating a non-intimidating, welcoming environment for our members.”  Except for female members who object to undressing in the presence of naked men. Apparently, there is nothing inappropriate or disruptive about a man (whatever he thinks of himself) invading an area where women are accustomed to changing and showering.

Notice that in all these cases, it is not enough to be tolerant of those who wish to turn their own world upside-down: all of us are required to assent to the triumph of human will over objective reality, even to the point of sacrificing our own safety.  The New Reality must be protected at all costs.

Things go South

As we have seen recently, those who stand up and declare publicly that the new emperor has no clothes can face consequences more severe than simply losing a gym membership.  At a school board meeting in Loudon County, Virginia, this past June [article here], the school superintendent confidently asserted that “the predator transgender student or person does not exist,” and furthermore that “we don’t have any record of assaults occurring in our restrooms.”  The problem was that just such a sexual assault on a 9th grade girl by “a boy wearing a skirt” had been reported less than a month earlier.  The victim’s father was present at the meeting, and was quite understandably upset at the official effort to cover up the crime against his daughter.  The father was arrested for his trouble, literally dragged out of the meeting, and sentenced to 10 days in jail (suspended provided he behaved more compliantly for the next twelve months).  He was banned from subsequent school board meetings.  The New Reality doesn’t take kindly to impertinent intrusions on the part of the Old.

Protesting parents at Loudon County School Board meeting (Evelyn Hockstein/Reuters)

In case you’re wondering how the story ended, the school board was sufficiently aware of the predatory male to transfer him, quietly, to another school.  There he promptly found himself accused of a similar bathroom assault on a second girl. Last month a juvenile court judge found him guilty of the initial assault, with a hearing on the  second incident scheduled for this month.  The affair had at least enough of a bad odor about it to bring the Loudon County School Board into disrepute, and to contribute substantially to the upset victory of Republican Glen Youngkin in the recent Virginia gubernatorial election.  Whether it has any impact on long term trends, however, remains to be seen.

True North

Let me repeat that transgenderism itself is merely a useful tool for those who seek to mold the world according to their own design.  Once its usefulness is depleted it will be dropped, and those unfortunate individuals who have sacrificed their bodies and their happiness to its promises will be forgotten without a second thought.  Nor is this the first time we’ve been tempted by the promise of god-like powers: “But the serpent said to the woman, “You will not die.  For God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.” (Genesis 3:4-5) It was a lie, of course, as such promises always are.  All the serpent could offer was death, estrangement, and a world turned upside-down.

Speaking of which, the title of the ballad with which we began this discussion appears to have drawn its inspiration from the Acts of the Apostles. It’s an instructive passage. St. Paul has been preaching in Thessalonica, where the preaching of the Gospel seems to have ruffled some feathers.  Then as now, the Truth is offensive to those who wish to pursue their own “truth”, and such people will often resort to force to silence the competing voice.  In Thessalonica Paul has been staying with a man named Jason, who receives a visit from a crowd of mostly peaceful protesters:

. . . and taking some wicked fellows of the rabble, they gathered a crowd, set the city in an uproar, and attacked the house of Jason, seeking to bring them out to the people. And when they could not find them, they dragged Jason and some of the brethren before the city authorities, crying, “These men who have turned the world upside down have come here also, and Jason has received them; and they are all acting against the decrees of Caesar, saying that there is another king, Jesus.” (Acts 17:5-7)

We Christians continue to proclaim the Kingship of Jesus Christ: we celebrated the Feast of Christ the King just last month.  And just as was the case in St. Paul’s day, Caesars large and small can’t tolerate the competition, and so they try to shut it down. Is it any wonder that churches were shut down during the first wave of the COVID panic when bars and casinos were considered “essential services?”

“Where is he who has been born king of the Jews? For we have seen his star” (Matthew 2:1-2)

The Gifts of the Magi, Artist: Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. Engraver: Z. Scheckel, 1860. Courtesy of Hathi Digital Trust Library and the Getty Library

In a world turned upside-down, who knows what way is up? If there’s no true point of reference, who’s to say what direction is north, and which is south? Of couse, we know that wise men don’t follow their own inclinations, they look for follow something reliable, something fixed. Consider these Wise Men:

Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, behold, wise men from the East came to Jerusalem, saying, “Where is he who has been born king of the Jews? For we have seen his star . . .” (Matthew 2:1-2)

We also have a star to follow, our own North Star to guide us: our King, Jesus Christ.

Persecution, Pentecost, and St. Julia of Corsica

When the day of Pentecost had come, they were all together in one place.  And suddenly a sound came from heaven like the rush of a mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting.  And there appeared to them tongues as of fire, distributed and resting on each one of them.  And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance. (Acts 2:1-4)

Tongues of Fire 

“Pentecost” by Fray Juan Bautista Maíno, 1615-1620

    This Sunday we celebrate one of the greatest Christian feasts, the Solemnity of Pentecost, which is sometimes called “the birthday of the Church.”  We see the central event of Pentecost in the passage from Acts above: the Apostles, along with the Blessed Mother, “the women”, and other disciples, were staying together in Jerusalem where we are told “All these with one accord devoted themselves to prayer.” (Acts 1:14)  Up to this point the small band of Jesus’s remaining followers were keeping to themselves, largely avoiding the hostile public atmosphere in the aftermath of their leader’s crucifixion and awaiting the arrival the Spirit which he had promised (Acts 1:4-5).

     And what an arrival it was!  Along with the rushing wind came tongues (γλῶσσαι) of flame which enabled them “to speak in other tongues” (γλώσσαις ). The disciples immediately put this newly bestowed power to work by rushing out of the house where they staying and enthusiastically preaching the Gospel to the crowds who had come to Jerusalem from all over the known world to celebrate the Jewish feast of Pentecost (the name comes from the Greek Πεντηκοστή, fiftieth, occurring fifty days after Passover). They continued preaching, and publicly living out their Christian faith, in the face of often violent opposition.

     While this Sunday’s liturgical celebration is devoted to Pentecost, it is good to remember some of the saints whose feast day also falls on May 23rd. Of particular interest is St. Julia of Corsica (also known as St. Julia of Carthage), a martyr who refused to be seduced by personal gain or cowed by the threat of torture and death.  My first post about St. Julia, published seven years ago, was one of the most visited pages on my original blog, a testimony to the timelessness (and the timeliness) of this saint.

St. Julia of Corsica

     St. Julia’s story throws an interesting light on both the events of Pentecost and on the situation in which we find ourselves today. Her story starts in Carthage in the 5th century, where she was born into a noble family.  When that ancient city was captured and sacked by the Vandals, Julia was enslaved and sold to a Syrian merchant named Eusebius.  Despite the hardships and humiliations of her servile state she remained content, even cheerful, because of her piety and her deep love of Christ.  These same qualities greatly endeared her to her master.

    On one occasion, when Julia was on a journey with her master, he stopped at the island of Corsica where the locals were celebrating a pagan festival. Eusebius joined in the revelry; Julia, needless to say, stayed away. Her refusal to participate greatly annoyed the local governor,  a man called Felix, who, according to the account in Butler’s Lives of the Saints,

asked who this woman was who dared to insult the gods. Eusebius informed him that she was a Christian, and that all his authority over her was too weak to prevail with her to renounce her religion, but that he found her so diligent and faithful he could not part with her.

    Felix, however, was not one to take no for an answer.  First, he offered Eusebius four of his own female slaves in exchange for the one Julia; Eusebius emphatically refused to surrender her.  Next, after her master had fallen asleep, the governor approached Julia directly, offering to free her if only she would sacrifice to the pagan gods.  She answered that she was “as free as she desired to be as long as she was allowed to serve Jesus Christ.”  This answer enraged Felix, who had her tortured and crucified.

“St. Julia” by Gabriel Von Max, 1866

     A few points stand out from the account of St. Julia’s life.  First and foremost, her devotion to Christ and her courage in the face of unspeakable suffering is an inspiration to us.  Maybe, the next time I’m tempted to “go along with the crowd” simply because I’m afraid of the disapproval or verbal abuse of others, I’ll take some strength from Julia’s fortitude in the face of much, much worse persecution.

  Julia also shows us the power of example.  Clearly, her character and virtue made a large impression on her master Eusebius. While her diligence and fidelity alone were not enough to win him over to the faith, at least not right away, they did give him the courage to stand up to the governor Felix, and convince him not to give her up for, literally, any price.  None of the accounts I have seen, unfortunately, tell us anything about what eventually happened to Eusebius.  One wonders whether the example of her heroic martyrdom was finally enough to make him a Christian.  We do know that the witness of the martyrs was crucial to the conversion of very many people, for which reason Tertullian said: “The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church.”

A Saint for Our Time

  Julia’s story also tells us something about the nature of sin.  I am reminded yet again of Father Richard John Neuhaus’ aphorism:  “When orthodoxy becomes optional, sooner or later it will become proscribed”.  Simply doing the right thing, in other words, is seen as a rebuke by those who are doing the wrong thing.  Look at Julia: she wasn’t interfering with the pagan festival, she was simply staying away.  The governor, however, couldn’t tolerate anyone who was not actively endorsing his activities.  

How often we have seen this same attitude today.  Granted, at least in the United States, nobody is literally being crucified, although the advocates of a “New Orthodoxy” will certainly try to destroy the reputation and livelihood of anyone who does not publicly cheer for their moral and societal innovations.  The list of people, from celebrities on down to ordinary people including school counselors and college professors and students who have been “cancelled” merely for stating their adherence to things that were considered to be commonsense up until the day before yesterday is too long to go into here.  We all know about the weak-kneed corporations giving in to leftist bullying and, and within the last year we have seen communications monopolies such as Twitter, Facebook, and the rest become bolder than ever in their attempts to shut down speech that doesn’t adhere to the politically correct point of view.

The Dogma Lives Loudly

     Notice that many of the stances that draw the most fire from the Woke Cancellation Mob are  not only things that have traditionally been taken for granted by virtually everyone, but are also matters of clear Catholic teaching.  Consider the following questions from then Senator, now Vice President (!) Kamala Harris directed toward judicial nominee Brian C. Buescher, regarding his membership in what Senator Harris and Senator Mazie Hirono characterized as an “extremist” organization:

“Were you aware that the Knights of Columbus opposed a woman’s right to choose when you joined the organization?  . . .  Were you aware that the Knights of Columbus opposed marriage equality when you joined the organization?”

Justice Amy Coney Barrett: can you hear the dogma?

This was not an isolated incident: the year before Senator Dianne Feinstein disapprovingly observed to Judicial nominee (and eventual Supreme Court Justice) Amy Coney Bryant, also a Catholic, that “the dogma lives loudly within you.”  The year after Harris’s grilling of Buescher, Senator Cory Booker demanded of Neomi Rao, another nominee for a federal judgeship (and in her case a convert to Judaism) “whether you believe it is sinful for two men to be married?”  It’s telling that these prominent politicians, two of whom were planning presidential runs, were deterred neither by the Constitution’s explicit ban on “religious tests” for office nor by fear of a electoral backlash from their overt shows of anti-religious bigotry. It should come as no surprise that the administration in which former Senator Harris now serves has promulgated a rule denying conscience protection to Catholic and other doctors morally opposed to “gender reassignment” surgery, and is promoting the so-called “Equality Act,” which would force pro-life doctors to perform abortions.

     We should not conclude from the examples above that this is primarily a political problem: as we have seen before (here and here, for instance), politics is an outgrowth of things going on at deeper levels in society, in the culture and, more fundamentally still, on the religious level.  Politics reflects changes that have already taken place on those deeper levels, and if major national politicians believe that they can get away with such overtly anti-Christian behavior (and why shouldn’t they? It’s worked so far), something has already gone very wrong at the roots. In fact, aggressive secularism has not only taken over the culture, but has also taken on the the role of an alternative religion that is fighting traditional Christian belief for possession of the deepest foundations of our society. The secularists can draw on their cultural influence to acquire political power, and then in turn use their political gains to protect what they have won on the other levels.  As Austin Ruse says in an essay published on the Crisis website this week:

Catholics and other Christians must understand that we are not merely up against a new faith but a new faith that is an established Church backed by the power of the federal, state, and local governments.

Like St. Julia, simply by believing in orthodox Christianity and following its precepts, we are seen as a threat by that rival faith.

More Precious Than Gold Tested By Fire

But, of course, that’s not the end of the story.  Christ sent the Holy Spirit down on his Church at Pentecost, the Church against which, he had promised Peter, the “Gates of Hell” would not prevail (Matthew 16:17) . . . but he had also promised persecution (Matthew 5:11).  The Persecution was not long in coming.  The same Peter who boldly addresses the wondering crowds on Pentecost will soon be writing to the early Christians:

In this you rejoice, though now for a little while you may have to suffer various trials, so that the genuineness of your faith, more precious than gold which though perishable is tested by fire, may redound to praise and glory and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ. (1 Peter 1:6-7)

St. Maximilian Kolbe

     Granted, the sort of harassment Christians face in the secular West does not come close to that faced by the Early Church or by martyrs like St. Julia . . . yet. The same can’t be said for much of the Islamic world, where Christians face tremendous violence or, increasingly, in communist China. We are kidding ourselves if we think it can’t happen here. At the same time, throughout the history of the Church we have seen zealous persecutors from St. Paul himself to the Nazi death-camp guards who were awed by the martyrdom of St. Maximilian Kolbe  converted, often by witnessing the faith and Christ-like serenity of their victims.  The ancient accounts don’t tell us, but St. Julia’s master Eusebius, or even the governor Felix, might well have been among these.  Whether or not they were moved in this way, we can be sure that many of the other pagan witnesses were.  

     Finally, the times are dark, but be of good cheer. The example of St. Julia of Corsica is a reminder that, although there will always be defeats along the way, Christ wins in the end.  If we can put our Hope in His promise and rely on the support of the Holy Spirit, as Julia did, we can persevere. As St. Peter said: “Rejoice in so far as you share Christ’s sufferings, that you may also rejoice and be glad when his glory is revealed” (1 Peter 13).